The nucleolus.
نویسنده
چکیده
When cells are observed by phase contrast microscopy, nucleoli are among the most conspicuous structures. The nucleolus was formally described between 1835 and 1839, but it was another century before it was discovered to be associated with a specific chromosomal locus, thus defining it as a cytogenetic entity. Nucleoli were first isolated in the 1950s, from starfish oocytes. Then, in the early 1960s, a boomlet of studies led to one of the epochal discoveries in the modern era of genetics and cell biology: that the nucleolus is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and nascent ribosome assembly. This epistemologically repositioned the nucleolus as not merely an aspect of nuclear anatomy but rather as a cytological manifestation of gene action-a major heuristic advance. Indeed, the finding that the nucleolus is the seat of ribosome production constitutes one of the most vivid confluences of form and function in the history of cell biology. This account presents the nucleolus in both historical and contemporary perspectives. The modern era has brought the unanticipated discovery that the nucleolus is plurifunctional, constituting a paradigm shift.
منابع مشابه
Ranking Efficient Decision Making Units Using Cooperative Game Theory Based on SBM Input-Oriented Model and Nucleolus Value
In evaluating the efficiency of decision making units (DMUs) by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models, may be more than one DMU has an efficiency score equal to one. Since ranking of efficient DMUs is essential for decision makers, therefore, methods and models for this purpose are presented. One of ranking methods of efficient DMUs is cooperative game theory. In this study, Lee and Lozano mod...
متن کاملInitiation of Ageing Process by Meiotic and Mitotic Recombination within the Ribosomal DNA Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
In the budding yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae the tandem repeated of rDNA genes are located onchromosome XII, which is in the nucleolus. There are different types of proteins in the nucleoluskeleton,silencing proteins have got important role in nucleolus.It is shown that meiotic recombination between nonsister chromatids in the rDNA genes are stronglysuppressed, and s...
متن کاملShort communication: Chromosome description and localization of Nucleolus Organizing Regions (NORs) by Ag-staining Technique in Alburnus filippii (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes) in Anzali Lagoon, North of Iran
متن کامل
Short communication: Chromosome description and localization of Nucleolus Organizing Regions (NORs) by Ag-staining Technique in Alburnus filippii (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes) in Anzali Lagoon, North of Iran
متن کامل
On the 1-Nucleolus for Classes of Cooperative Games
This paper analyzes the 1-nucleolus and, in particular, its relation to the nucleolus and compromise value. It is seen that the 1-nucleolus of a cooperative game can be characterized using a combination of standard bankruptcy rules for associated bankruptcy problems. In particular, for any zero-normalized balanced game, the 1-nucleolus coincides with the Aumann-Maschler rule (Aumann and Maschle...
متن کاملThe nucleolus in the mouse oocyte is required for the early step of both female and male pronucleus organization.
During oocyte growth in the ovary, the nucleolus is mainly responsible for ribosome biogenesis. However, in the fully-grown oocyte, all transcription ceases, including ribosomal RNA synthesis, and the nucleolus adopts a specific monotonous fibrillar morphology without chromatin. The function of this inactive nucleolus in oocytes and embryos is still unknown. We previously reported that the embr...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology
دوره 3 3 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2011